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Cool Cows and Climate Change - Information for Dairy Farmers
Shade cloth structures
Solid-roofed shade structures
Sprinklers
Fans

Infrastructure

Design considerations

Fans


Design considerations for maximum effectiveness and useful life

Fan sizing, type and placement

Seek professional advice from a registered engineer and/or manufacturer.

A pitched roof and open ridge vent should be considered before fans during the planning of a new covered structure.

Fans range in cost from about $550 to $2,000 each, depending on their design and capacity, plus installation. Check the efficiency rating of fans.

Fans should be mounted above sprinklers so they remain dry. Only use fans with sealed motors.

Spacing is determined based on the fan’s operating flow rate (m 3 /minute). As a guide:

  • 900 mm blade, 285 m3/min with a 0.45 kW motor – spaced every 6 m
  • 1,300 mm blade, 840 m3/min with a 1 kW motor – spaced every 12 m

(assuming the base of the fan blade is 2.3 m above cow feet level).

Ensure that fans used have the capacity to move the volume of air required at >2.0 m/second. If cows are tightly packed, airflow will need to be greater. When used in open spaces, larger-capacity fans are required because they are operating against static pressure, so their efficiency is lower.

Doubling the operating capacity of the fan does not double the distance covered by the fan, but it will increase costs.

Be prepared to modify the placement of fans and add additional or larger-capacity fans if required. It is best to discuss with an expert before you proceed.

Fan orientation and pitch

To minimise operating costs, locate fans to take advantage of prevailing winds at the site.

The fans should be tilted 20-30° down from the vertical so they blow down to the floor, to ensure air is forced down around and beneath the cows. This will enhance evaporative and convective cooling.

Tilting the fans towards the ground also reduces interaction between groups of fans that are located in series with each other, improving operating efficiency.

Fan operating cycle

When operated in conjunction with sprinklers, fans will usually be initiated first (i.e. start to operate a lower temperature than sprinklers).

Sprinkler on/off cycles can then be stepped up at different temperature trigger levels (as per case study farm described on page 42).

If fans are in the dairy they should run continuously when the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is more than 72.

Maintenance

Keep the safety grill around each fan free of cobwebs and dust to maintain their maximum efficiency and effectiveness.

Australian Government - Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry